Domestic waste incinerator

Domestic waste incinerator

The domestic waste incinerator is the equipment for burning domestic waste. The domestic waste is burned in the furnace and becomes waste gas to enter the secondary combustion chamber; It integrates automatic feeding, screening, drying, incineration, ash cleaning, dust removal and automatic control. The new technical measures of high temperature combustion, secondary oxygenation and automatic slag unloading are adopted to meet the monitoring requirements of sewage discharge.

Definition of domestic waste incinerator:

Under the forced combustion of the burner, it burns completely, then enters the spray type dust collector, and after dust removal, it is discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney.

Composition of domestic waste incinerator:

The domestic waste incinerator consists of four systems: waste pretreatment system, incineration system, smoke biochemical dust removal system and gas generator (auxiliary ignition and incineration).

Classification of domestic waste incinerators:

The application and development of waste incineration technology in foreign countries has a history of several decades. The relatively mature furnace types include pyrolysis retorting gasifier, pulse throwing grate incinerator, mechanical grate incinerator, fluidized bed incinerator, rotary incinerator and Cao incinerator. The following gives a brief introduction to these furnace types.

Pyrolysis and retorting gasifier

The pyrolysis and retorting gasifier is designed with pyrolysis, retorting and gasification technologies. Under the action of temperature and steam in the gasifier, the garbage will undergo chemical reaction, and the garbage will be fully carbonized to produce carbon monoxide and co combustible gas; The whole reaction process was completed in anaerobic environment, which effectively avoided the formation conditions and environment of heavy metals and dioxins. All emission indexes met the relevant standards such as gb18485 and eu2000 / 76 / EC.

After cooling, deacidification and dedusting, the gas can be directly used instead of natural gas.

Single treatment capacity: 50-200 tons / day (multiple units can improve the treatment capacity), suitable for small and medium-sized municipal solid waste treatment.

Mechanical grate incinerator

Working principle: the garbage enters the inclined downward grate (the grate is divided into drying area, combustion area and burnout area) through the feeding hopper. Due to the staggered movement between the grates, the garbage is pushed downward, so that the garbage passes through each area on the grate in turn (when the garbage enters from one area to another, it plays a role of turning over), until it is exhausted and discharged from the furnace. The combustion air enters from the lower part of the grate and mixes with the garbage; The high temperature flue gas generates hot steam through the heating surface of the boiler, and the flue gas is also cooled. Finally, the flue gas is discharged after being treated by the flue gas treatment device.

Fluidized bed incinerator

Working principle: the furnace body is composed of porous distribution board. A large amount of quartz sand is added into the furnace to heat the quartz sand to above 600 ℃, and hot air above 200 ℃ is blown into the furnace bottom to make the hot sand boil, and then put into the garbage. The garbage boils with the hot sand, and the garbage is quickly dried, ignited and burned. The proportion of unburned waste is light, and it continues to burn in boiling mode. The proportion of unburned waste is large and falls to the bottom of the furnace. After water cooling, the coarse slag and fine slag are sent to the outside of the plant by separation equipment, and a small amount of medium slag and quartz sand are sent back to the furnace for further use by lifting equipment.

Rotary incinerator

Working principle: the rotary incinerator is arranged along the furnace body with cooling water pipes or refractory materials, and the furnace body is placed horizontally and slightly inclined. Through the non-stop operation of the furnace body, the garbage in the furnace body can be fully burned, and at the same time, it can move to the direction of the furnace body inclination until it is burnt out and discharged from the furnace body.

Cao incinerator

Working principle: the garbage is transported to the storage pit, and then into the biochemical treatment tank, which is dehydrated under the action of microorganisms, so that the natural organic matter (kitchen waste, leaves, grass, etc.) can be decomposed into powder, while other solids including synthetic organic matter such as plastic rubber and inorganic matter in the garbage can not be decomposed into powder. After screening, the waste that can not be powdered enters the incinerator first into the first combustion chamber (the temperature is 600 ℃), and the combustible gas produced then enters the second combustion chamber. The non combustible and non pyrolytic components are discharged in the first combustion chamber in the form of ash. The temperature of the second chamber is controlled at 860 ℃ for combustion, and the high temperature flue gas heats the boiler to produce steam. After treatment, the flue gas is discharged to the atmosphere from the chimney. The metallic glass will not be oxidized or melted in the first combustion chamber, and can be separated and recovered from the ash.

Pulse throw grate incinerator

Working principle: the garbage is sent to the drying bed of incinerator for drying by automatic feeding unit, and then sent to the first stage grate. After high temperature volatilization and cracking on the grate, the grate is thrown under the push of pulse air power device, and the garbage is thrown into the next stage grate step by step. At this time, the polymer material is cracked and other materials are burned. If it goes on like this, it will enter into the ash pit and be discharged by the automatic slag removal device. The combustion supporting air is injected from the air hole on the grate and mixed with the garbage to make the garbage suspended in the air. The volatilized and cracked materials enter the second stage combustion chamber for further cracking and combustion, and the unburned flue gas enters the third stage combustion chamber for complete combustion; The high temperature flue gas heats the steam through the heating surface of the boiler, and the flue gas is discharged after cooling.